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Technology

  • TMI-Zero Method

    (Transition Metal Impurities)

  • PLP

    (Plasma in Liquid Process)

TMI-Zero Method

(Transition Metal Impurities)

    • The world’s first
      Non-purification process

    • The world’s first
      First zero ppm of catalyst impurity

    • Low Temperature Process
      (under 600°C)

    • Low-Cost
      Eco-Friendly Process

The world’s first

Non-purification process

  • Transition metal catalysts such as Fe, Co, Ni and Mo
    are not used in the Prione Process

  • No more intellectual property right necessary
    for the catalyst purification

  • A high temperature reactor using halogen gas
    is not required for catalyst purification
    for non-purification process

  • Environmental cost is not incurred as high
    concentration of acid treatment is not required.

  • No chemical and structural damage in the synthesized CNT as no purification is performed.

The world’s first

Zero ppm of catalyst impurity

  • Contents of impurity from the catalyst is 0 ppm
    as the transition metal catalyst

  • The special catalyst of the Prione can be
    removed to 0 ppm during the process

  • When used as a conductive material for a battery,
    the Prione special catalyst greatly contributes
    to the improvement of battery performance

Under 600°C

Low Temperature Process

  • The advantage of the low temperature process is
    the low cost as it consumes low power

  • It is possible to produce uniform quality as the temperature
    gradient difference of the reaction zone is not large.

  • When doping hetero atom such as nitrogen,
    the low temperature process would make it possible to prepare
    a high functional CNT by increasing the doping amount
    larger than the high temperature process.

no

Low-Cost Eco-Friendly Process

  • The Prione catalyst is very affordable with a precursor price of 1/20
    (based on Sigma Aldrich)
    compared to Ferrocene, a general CNT catalyst.

  • There is no need for additional expensive chemicals
    such as Thiophene used in the existing CNT process, and only
    the Prione catalysts and carbon precursors are required.

  • Also, very low-cost carbon precursors are used to significantly
    reduce overall production costs while consuming less production
    power
    as the reaction temperature is also much lower than general
    CNT synthesis temperature.

  • No purification cost is incurred as the purification process is left out,
    and thus environmental cost is not incurred as well.

PLP

Plasma in Liquid Process

  • Plasma Generated
    in the Solution

  • Simple Device Configuration


  • Synthesis of Nano-materials through Decomposition and Recombination of Solutions, Electrode Materials

  • Platform Process

Plasma Generated in the Solution

Plasma generation in the solution at room temperature and atmospheric pressure

Simple Device Configuration

no

Only constituted with power supply, electrode, solution and reactor

Synthesis of Nano-materials through Decomposition
and Recombination of Solutions, Electrode Materials

Synthesis of various nano-materials through decomposition
and recombination of electrode wires required to
generate all solvents, solutes and plasms

  • ex. Synthesis of platinum nanoparticles by reducing platinum ions dissolved in the solution into the hydrogen radicals generated in plasma

  • ex. Synthesis of carbon nano-materials through decomposition and recombination of organic solvents

  • ex. Easy synthesis of metal nanoparticles by sputtering of electrode wires

Platform Process

Platform process that can synthesize various materials with one PLP process

  • Synthesis of
    Carbon
    Nano-materials

    Carbon black, Heteroatom-doped carbon black

    Carbon Nanosheet, Heteroatom-doped carbon nanosheet

  • Synthesis of
    Metal
    Nano-materials

    Synthesis of metal nanoparticles and metal nano-ink by plasma reduction of all metals that may exist as ions in the solution

    Synthesis of metal nanoparticles and metal nano-ink by sputtering of all metals that can be formed of electrode wires

  • Synthesis of
    Carbon-metal
    Nanocomposites

    Synthesis of carbon materials in which metal nanoparticles are supported or encapsulated

  • Surface treatment of
    carbon materials

    Dispersed treatment using Functional group formula on the surface of carbon material such as CNT

Materials

  • Functionality Carbon black

    • Hetero atom-CB

      Phosphorus

      Sulfur

      Nitrogen

    • Metal-CB

      Platinum

      Tin

    • Silicon-CB

  • Carbon Nano Tube

    • CNT

      T-CNT

      A-CNT

    • CNT-CB

      CB-CNT

      CB-CNF

  • Nano Silicon

    • Silicon

Functionality Carbon black

Hetero atom-CB

  • TEM image of the
    synthesized material

    Spherical particles are ring-shaped

    Forms a channel through which sodium ions can be transported

  • EDS mapping of the
    synthesized material

    Even distribution of C, S and N elements in the carbon matrix

  • Superior

    Capacity Retention

    Power characteristics

    Achieve a reversible capacity of 110mAh/g at 100A

    Suitable for high power devices

  • High initial

    Coulombic Efficiency

    First cycle Coulomb efficiency

    Commercialization condition in LiB: 80% or higher

    Generally reported level in SiB: 40-50%

    SiB world’s best level: 60~70%

  • Ultrahigh

    Cycling Performance

    Lifespan characteristics

    5,000 cycles at 100 A/g

    Achieved a lifespan of more than 5,000 cycles at ultra-high current

  • Features of
    sodium ion batteries

    Operate with the same chemistry as the lithium-ion battery

    Possible to use the existing production line as it is

    Aluminum foil, not copper foil, can also be used for anodes, making the unit price cheaper

  • Lithium ion battery

  • Sodium ion battery

  • Seawater battery

    When charging, sodium ions of seawater are extracted and stored as an anode, and when discharging, water is used as an anode to react to generate electricity

  • Seawater battery
    FULL CELL TEST

    Shows lifespan feature of 1500 cycles as well as a high capacity
    of 150mAh/g even at ultra-high currents of 10A/g

    Checked the possibility of using seawater batteries

    It can be used to develop other energy materials such as fuel cells and potassium ion cells just by replacing solvents and solutes using the developed process technology.

Functionality Carbon black

Metal-CB

  • TEM image of the
    synthesized material

  • EDS mapping of the
    synthesized material

Functionality Carbon black

Silicon-CB

  • TEM image of the
    synthesized material

  • EDS mapping of the
    synthesized material

  • Lithium secondary battery

  • The ratio of silicon included
    in the active material: about 3~5%

  • Carbon-silicon material:
    conductive material (+active material)

  • General ratio

  • Active material : Conductive material : Binder = 80 : 10 : 10

    It acts as a basic conductive material and increases capacity even with the existing ratio

  • Special ratio

  • Active material : Conductive material : Binder = ex) (60~80) : (10~30) : 10

    Basic conductive material role + Active material role is possible, so stable cycling performance
    and increase in reversible capacity based on the change in contents of conductive material

  • Best

    Capacity Retention

    Reversible capacity
    (applied anode material)

    First cycle Coulomb efficiency: 55% or more

    1C (372 mAh/g) standard: 600 mAh/g

  • Best

    Capacity Retention

    Reversible capacity
    (applied conductive material)

    First cycle Coulomb efficiency: 70% or more

    1C (372 mAh/g) standard: 360 mAh/g

Carbon Nano Tube

CNT

    • Diameter

      20~40nm

    • Length

      5~10um

    • Purity

      >99wt%

    • Specific surface area

      >40m2/g

    • I.C.E (initial coulombic efficiency)

      87.2%

  • Carbon
    nano tube

  • Good dispersion of silicon and C is shown at EDS mapping

    Maximizes efficiency when applying the composite as a conductive material

    It is a new material that is currently in the spotlight in various industries
    with excellent mechanical characteristics, electrical selectivity, field emission characteristics, and high efficiency hydrogen storage medium characteristics

Manufacturing technology of low-cost carbon
nano tubes (CNT) using alkali metals

  • Existing CNT manufacturing technology

    01 Organometallic compounds such as Fe, Ni, Co, etc. are used as catalyst metals

    It costs a lot because of their limited reserves
    ( $14.000/ton for Ni)

    02 Need a process to treat acid with an aqueous acid solution such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid

    Work stability problems, pollutant treatment problems and high cost problems are incurred

  • Developed CNT manufacturing technology

    01 Alkali metals that dissolve in water (Na, K, etc) are used as catalyst metals

    Price is affordable and it can be extracted infinitely from seawater
    ($150/ton based on Na)

    02 Cost Down for the unnecessary process such as acid treatment process

    “Highly Value Added” CNT can be synthesized

  • Targeted technology
    (Technical Feature)

  • An aqueous sodium chloride solution in the solution is applied to form nanoparticles and sprayed into a high-temperature heat treatment reactor to grow into a continuous MWCNT Stable for explosion and fire because there is no transition metal

    Innovative processes that overcome the high-cost manufacturing process of removing and disposing expensive reducing agents and supporter, which is the key drawback of the current fluidized bed reaction method, currently a major mass production method. Excellent performance with low damage to the product

  • Amount of active material ↑, battery capacity ↑

    5 times energy density compared to carbon black, conductivity 10% or more

    Reduced battery charging time

Nano Silicon

Silicon

  • TEM image of the
    synthesized material

  • EDS mapping of the
    synthesized material

  • High Performance: High purity and small particle size

    General Nano Si Powder: An average particle diameter of 50 ~ 100 nm

    Prione Nano Si Powder: An average particle diameter of 20 nm or less